Frame DNA and One-Name Study

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FRAME DNA PROJECT

Est. 2006

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See

Donald B Frame

(1912 - 1998)

Designer of the

FRAME FAMILY TARTAN

___oo0oo___

GOONS

Guild Member No. 5351

FRAME ONE-NAME STUDY

Est. 2010

Enquiries to:

frame@one-name.org

Hello, my name is Julie (Frame) Falk

I am an Australian and the volunteer administrator of the FRAME DNA PROJECT and ONE-NAME STUDY. My mission began with a thirst for information. I wanted to know the origins of the wider FRAME family and surname before they were traditionally classed as 'Scottish'. Luckily, we have a new tool with DNA testing, and lucky for me, that I have a loving brother who didn’t hesitate when asked to swab his cheeks and provide me with a Y-DNA sample! My hope was that this would eventually provide the means to solve the Frame mystery. Slowly but surely, we are beginning to make some progress (see ORIGINS page).

My brother is F01 in the Frame DNA Project - the first Frame to test with Family Tree DNA, our preferred testing company. Since then, other Frame men from Australia, New Zealand, England, Scotland, Wales, Canada and the United States have joined us. We know the Frame name is also found in populations in Continental Europe, South Africa, the West Indies and scattered elsewhere throughout the world. We hope they will eventually participate in the Project. The Frame name and family appears to have originated in Normandy, and early records show that the consonants ‘m’ and ‘n’ were interchangeable during the Norman era. Thus, it seems reasonable to expect that matches to some 'n' surnames might occur. For this reason, the FRAIN DNA PROJECT has been established. This associated Project is open to surnames and variants with the ‘n’ spelling to help determine whether any share a common ancient progenitor. It will also identify those who have a shared ancestry with FRAME. We’d love to have you to join us in this quest!

Y-DNA: The Role of Surnames | Project Goals | Benefits of Joining | Testimonials | Eligible Surnames

Frame Tartan | DNA 101 | Genetics & Genealogy | Early Occurences & Migration

General Sponsorship Fund | Disclaimer

PROJECT GOALS

Identify whether or not all FRAME families descend from a single ancient progenitor, and if not, how many separate points of origin there were.
Establish whether or not any of the ELIGIBLE SURNAMES included in the Project are related to FRAME. If they are not, and specifically in relation the the 'n' names, provide assistance if they wish to establish a separate Project for those surnames.
Help participants from related families work together to find their shared heritage.
Utilise genetic testing to resolve the ambiguity surrounding the etymology of the FRAME surname.
Help validate or eliminate suspect lines.
Collect a substantial body of worldwide data for the Frame ONE-NAME STUDY. The registered surname is FRAME - the registered variants are FRAM, FRAIM, FREAM, FREAME and FREEME

BENEFITS OF JOINING THE FRAME DNA PROJECT

Joining the Project will provide:

Your Y-DNA profile (haplotype) which is very close and sometimes identical to your earliest known direct paternal line ancestor.
Your 'deep' ancestry (haplogroup), which identifies your paternal ancestor's prehistoric origins.
A sense of camaraderie, which is particularly strong for those who share a genetic ancestry.
Stimulation to family research and renewed sharing of information.
A wider sense of identity and relationship as you are given the opportunity to connect with your previously unknown cousins.
A chance to compare your known ancestry with new DNA cousins of the same surname, and also those with surname variants.
Your genetic matches with those who do not share your common surname.
A clearer understanding of your ancestry - both recent and ancient - particularly where records have been lost.
A cost saving when compared with having your DNA tested as an individual.

ELIGIBLE SURNAMES

DE FRAMÉ FRAEME FRAHAM FRAHM FRAIM FRAIME FRAM FRAME

FRAMME FRAYM FREAM FREAME FREEM FREEME FREHAM FREM

FREME FRESME FREYME

WHICH TEST ?

As the Frame DNA Project expanded, and because of the close relationship found between many of the participants, it became evident that the minimum entry level should be the 37-Marker Y-DNA test. However, most men are now beginning with, or upgrading to 67-markers. This is much better for accuracy and over time the extra markers should help define family lineages where paper trail has not been found:

Prices for tests may be obtained by clicking here: Here

FRAME DNA PROJECT Administrators will require new participants to submit a simple line of descent from their earliest known ancestor to themselves. Please email this information directly to the Admin.

***Click here to order a DNA test now!***

OUR DIVERSITY

Studies in archaeology, anthropology, genetics, molecular biology and linguistics have led to a reasonably general consensus that Africa was the cradle of Humanity; the continent to which we all owe our existence. Through the millennia, the journey of Man saw changes to skin colour, body shape, culture and language. Despite the visible differences between us today, we are all unified by a profound story that saw our species hover on the brink of extinction, then survive against the odds to populate the far corners of the world. Those of us carrying the FRAME surname (or a variant) today, are living proof of a genetic diversity that contributes a rich texture to the FRAME tapestry.

Native American, African American and West Indian Ancestry

Among U.S. Census records and Slave Schedules, and also the Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, are some Frame families variously described as Indian, Creole, Black and White. Thus, it is likely that some of our FRAME ancestors might have been among those whose life changed forever with the arrival of the white man in the Colonies, or else they began their life in the New World in chains. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedule also clearly shows that some Frame families were slaveholders.

Whilst we cannot change the past, we can explore it together to perhaps find answers to some unresolved questions regarding blood relationship. By DNA testing Frame males who believe their African American or West Indian ancestors might have been slaves, we will be able to determine whether they are related to other Frame Project participants whose ancestors might have once held slaves. Similarly, for Native Americans who carry the Frame surname; we can determine whether they are related to any of the Frame families with representatives in the Frame DNA Project whose ancestors were among the earliest immigrants to settle in colonial America. Clearly, some early Frame immigrants have married into, or cohabited with, the Native American population. It may take time for a match to eventuate since we are limited by the number of Frame families represented in the Project for comparison. However, as our numbers increase, so too, do our chances of a vital match.

EARLY OCCURENCES AND MIGRATION

Further examples may be found here.

ENGLAND

c.1135: Richard de Veim was one of the vavasours on Bisley manor, Gloucestershire. An estate at Lypiatt owned by one Richard in 1220 probably comprised Nether Lypiatt tithing. This Richard may have been Richard de Veim who in 1225 was impleaded over property in Bisley and Stroud by Hugh Mortimer, Bartholomew Laban, and Bartholomew's wife Muriel. In 1346 ½ knight's fee at Nether Lypiatt was held jointly by John de Reom, who had succeeded William de Reom, and the prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. John de Reom's estate, later known as the manor of NETHER LYPIATT, was held in 1374 and 1384 by Roger Reom, who may have been succeeded by Thomas atte Reom who in 1387 did fealty to Bisley manor for land formerly held by Roger. In 1479 William Freame, whose name was 'evidently a variation of Reom', held Nether Lypiatt manor. [From: 'Stroud: Manors and other estates', A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 11: Bisley and Longtree Hundreds (1976), pp. 111-119]

1196: Geoffrey Frame is found in Bosemere hundred in Suffolk. [1196 Pipe Rolls Norfolk & Suffolk]

1359: Thomas Frame of Middleton, Hawstead, Suffolk. Held 1 messuage and 30 acres, and another messuage and 15 acres. [Rev. Sir John Cullum, The History and Antiquities of HAWSTED, 1784]

1390: William Frame, 'Rector of Tubney 1390' [The Berkshire Archaeological Journal, Vol. 8-9, 9-10, p.95; Calendar of the Close Rolls, Vol.49, p.403]

1564: Annys Freme. Dau. of Willm Freme – bapt. Feb 13, 1564 Painswick, Gloucestershire, England

1571: Margaryt Frame. Dau. of John Frame bapt. May 23, 1571 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England

1693: John Frame, one of the leading Admiralty shipbuilders of the early 18th century was probably John Frame. In 1693, he launched from his yard at Hessle Cliff the 80-gun Humber.

FRANCE

1318: Robert de Frame died in Paris. Buried in the church of the Jacobins

1772: Francois Frame, son of Maurice Frame and Marie Barbe Bernard.

Bapt. Jan 8, 1772 St-Nicolas, Nancy, Meurthe-et-Mosells, France

1799: Joseph Matthieu Frame, son of Joseph Frame and Marie Therese Courtois. Bapt. Mar 31, 1799 Dainville-Aux-Firges, Meuse, France

SCOTLAND

1485: Chaplain sir Adam Frame, aka Chaplain sir Adam Franche, sixth laird of Thorndykes - a witness in the case of Walter Haliburton - recorded in the Midlothian Protocol Book of James Young (1485-1489)

1495: James Frame - Dead by 1495. Held land in Musselburgh. Midlothian Protocol Book of James Young (1493-1497)

1551: Arthur Fram. Witness in Glasgow (Protocols, I) [George F. Black, Surnames of Scotland, 1946, p.278]

1583: Andro Frame. ‘In Blaikburne, parochiner of Torrens, sheriffdom of Lanark’ [Edinburgh Commissary Court CC8/8/12]

1596: Mungo Frame. ‘In Padie, sheriffdom of Lanark’ [Edinburgh Commissary Court CC8/8/29]

IRELAND

1577: Robert Frame of Carrick-on-Suir was in the employment of the Earl of Ormond and in 1577 was a lessee on the Ormond Estate:

National Library of Ireland- D2921: Grant by Richard Shee as attorney of the Earl of Ormonde to Robert Frame of the towns, lands etc. of Parish Fennogh (Fenoagh) Co. Waterford for 21 years, 28/04/1577)'

AMERICA

1622: John Frame (aka Capt. John Frame/Freame/Freme)- Indentured Servant to William Ferrar / Cicely Jordan at Jordan's Journey, Virginia. Arrived per Southampton in 1622. Aged 16 at Muster of Jordan's Journey in Jan/Feb 1624/25. Wife Anne named in patent dated 01/Sept/1643; Charles City Order Book. Probate of the Will of Capt. John Freme granted to Mary Freme 17/Dec/1655. Hotten, Original Lists of Persons of Quality; Nugent - Cavaliers and Pioneers Vol. 1.

1682: Robert Frame or Freame. SHEPPARD, WALTER LEE, JR., compiler and editor. Passengers and Ships prior to 1684. (Publications of the Welcome Society of Pennsylvania, 1.)

1682: Thomas Freame. BALDERSTON, MARION. "William Penn's Twenty-Three Ships, with Notes on Some of Their Passengers." In The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine, vol. 23:2 (1963), pp. 27-67.

1735: Matthias Frame from Middlesex, England. A soldier, sentenced to transportation for stealing money Feb. 1735, transp. Apr. 1735, landing certif.. Maryland Oct. 1735

1739: Johan Peter Friem, ‘did this Day take and Subscribe the Oaths to the Government.’ Palatine, Arrived per the ship Samuel from Rotterdam via Deal, Eng. [Immigrants to the New World, 1600s-1800s:Pennsylvania German Pioneers, Vol.1, 1727-1775 p.261]

1740: Thomas Freame - From England to Philadelphia - m. Margaret Penn. COLDHAM, PETER WILSON. American Wills Proved in London, 1611-1775. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1992. 344p.

1773: Andrew Frame - From Scotland - Aged 22, Merchant of Glasgow. Cabin passenger aboard the William of New York - planned to conduct business in America. [Immigrants to the New World, 1600s-1800s:Immigrants to the Middle Colonies ]

GERMANY

1693: Anna Frahm. Dau. of Peter Frahm and Wibke Jebe bapt. Nov. 12, 1693 in Kropp, Schleswig, Germany

1743: Joh. Martin Fram married ? Seiberts Feb. 5, 1743 Evangelisch, Sippersfeld, Pfalz, Bayern

BARBADOS

1648: William Frame married Elizabeth in Barbados Nov. 24, 1648

1670: William Frame, with 10 acres in Christchurch, Barbados, 22 December 1679

1680: William Frame, Covenanter from Cadder/Calder Scotland. He was captured after the Battle of Bothwell Bridge June 22, 1679, transported from Leith aboard Crown of London and shipwrecked off Orkney December 1679. He was among the survivors of the wreck and was transported to Barbados in 1680.

1681: Robert Fram, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Northumberland, England was among Northern Circuit prisoners reprieved to be transported to Barbados.

NETHERLANDS

1664: Pierre Frame, son of Pierre Frame and Femmetie Gerrits. Bapt. July 10, 1664 Amsterdam, Noord Holland, Netherlands.

1719: William Frame married Margarett Mercer Mar. 12, 1719 English Episcopal Church Rotterdam, Zuid Holland, Netherlands

JAMAICA

1670-74: William Frame - 120 acres in Clarendon Parish.[A Survey of the Islands of Jamaica], 'America and West Indies: September 1670, 16-30', Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 7: 1669-1674 (1889), pp. 94-110]

DENMARK

1713: Paul Sorenson Frame born c.1713 of Uggerby, Hjorring, Denmark

CANADA

1748: Archibald Frame. Mariner. Married. Regiment or ship Ludlow Castle. Transcripts of Colonial Office Records: Nova Scotia - List of Emigrants entering Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, 1748-49. He was from Ireland, with early ancestry said to be in Essex, England.

AUSTRALIA

1823: Alexander Frame. Tried in Glasgow, Scotland. Sentenced to 14 years for stealing 12 pairs of gloves from Mr Proudfoot, glover, of Glasgow. Transported to Tasmania aboard the Morley.

INDIA

1862: Cecilia Frame. Dau. of Robert Graham Frame and Ann b. Oct.28, 1862 Nowshera, West Bengal, India

NEW ZEALAND

1867: James William Frame - son born to William and Elizabeth Frame

1879: George Frame. Settled in Napier, New Zealand. Immigrated to New Zealand Aug 2, 1879 aboard the Beemah. (Descendant in the Frame DNA Project)

FRAME SURNAME STATISTICS

The website http://www.publicprofiler.org/worldnames/ currently holds data for approximately 300 million people in 26 countries in Europe, America, Asia and Oceania, representing a total population of one billion people in those countries. They report the frequency of the FRAME surname in those countries on the basis of 'Frequency per Million' (FPM):

Country	Frequency per Million (FPM)	Country	Frequency per Million (FPM)
New Zealand	88.18	Ireland	5.49
Australia	69.64	Netherlands	1.5
United Kingdom	69.03	Belgium	0.57
United States	40.02	Spain	0.52
Canada	27.97	France	0.49

GENERAL SPONSORSHIP FUND

To contribute to the Frame General Fund click here and select Frame in the drop-down box provided.

Current balance: $90.18

Type

Amount

Date

Donor

Applied To

Credit

$65.18

22/9/2009

Julie Frame Falk

Credit

$25.00

21/9/2009

Mary Tuxhorn

Debit

$39.00

10/9/2009

Debit

$153.00

12/2/2009

Kit 75654

Debit

$149.00

27/1/2009

Kit 145324

Credit

$100.00

19/1/2009

Anonymous

Debit

$99.00

13/1/2009

Kit 113972

Credit

$38.00

21/8/2008

Mary Tuxhorn

Credit

$100.00

9/4/2008

Anonymous

Credit

$200.00

4/1/2008

Anonymous

Debit

$163.00

4/1/2008

Kit 111240

Debit

$50.00

27/12/2007

Kit 110709

Debit

$35.00

26/12/2007

Kit 110238

Credit

$150.00

18/9/2007

Janis Bailey

Credit

$100.00

17/9/2007

Julie D Falk

Disclaimer

Although test discounts are offered to FRAME DNA PROJECT members by FAMILY TREE DNA , it does not suggest a business partnership or any other relationship between the FRAME DNA PROJECT and FAMILY TREE DNA. All fees are payably only and directly to FAMILY TREE DNA. The FRAME DNA PROJECT is a non-profit project and administrators are volunteers dedicated to advancing FRAME family research in general. The FRAME DNA PROJECT will not in any way have control of DNA samples, nor will it have the responsibility for their care, handling or return to our project participants. The FRAME DNA PROJECT does not have a duty to act on behalf of a project participant in mediation of any disputes arising between a project participant and FAMILY TREE DNA. A match between project participants may suggest they share a common ancestor, however it will not identify the specific ancestor. There is no guarantee that every participant will match anyone in the FRAME DNA PROJECT or any other public database. By participating in the FRAME DNA PROJECT, the participant agrees to all conditions of the Project.

Y DNA: The Role of Surnames

http://www.familytreeDNA.com/facts_genes.aspx

The surname is an important component of analyzing Y DNA results, and sets the outer boundary for the time frame of a match.

Surnames were adopted in different countries at different times. For a long time, people were just known by their first name. As society became more complex, a system was needed to distinguish one person reliably and unambiguously from the next person.

A surname is typically a hereditary name borne by members of a single family and handed down from father to son. Thus, surnames contrast with given names, which identify individuals within the same family. It is characteristic of surnames that all members of a particular family normally have the same surname. A surname therefore follows with the Y DNA result, which makes the testing of Y DNA a very powerful tool.

On the whole, the richer and more powerful classes tended to acquire surnames earlier than the working classes and the poor, while surnames were quicker to catch on in urban areas than in more sparsely populated rural areas.

Surnames were adopted in different areas at different times. In many parts of central and western Europe, hereditary surnames began to become fixed from the 12th century forward. The bulk of European surnames in countries such as England or France were formed in the 13th and 14th centuries. In some places, the process started earlier, and in some places the process continued into the 19th century. Overall, the norm is that in the 11th century people did not have surnames, and by the 15th century they did.

The process of adopting a surname was spread over time, and these surnames continued to evolve until the 1900's when spelling was standardized.

Surname variants occurred during the evolution of the surname. There was no guide to the spellings of names, and those who recorded events, such as the clergy and registrars, attempted to reproduce phonetically the sounds they heard. The great majority of the population were illiterate and had no notion that any one spelling of their name was more 'correct' than any other.

Prior to the time surnames were adopted, men with the same Y DNA result were spread out over a geographic area due to migrations. In addition, invasions and wars often dispersed a Y DNA result significantly.

Many men had the same Y DNA result when surnames were adopted. It is currently impossible to predict how many men had the same Y chromosome DNA result at this time. Some Y DNA results were dying out, and others were abundant. Therefore, men with the same Y chromosome DNA result adopted different surnames. If there was a large population of the Y DNA result, such as with the haplogroup R1b, many different surnames would have been adopted for this Y DNA result.

As the database of Y DNA results at Family Tree DNA grows, almost everyone will eventually have Y DNA matches with other surnames. The primary reason for these matches is that multiple men with the same Y DNA result adopted different surnames during the time period when surnames were adopted. These men could have been in the same village, or in the same county, or perhaps migration had taken them to different countries.

In addition, two men with different surnames may have a matching Y DNA result due to convergence. Convergence is where you start with two different Y DNA results, in the past, and the results mutate over time, to where they match or are a close match today. The higher the population of a Y DNA result, the more opportunity there is for convergence to occur. Since Haplogroup R1b is the largest population group in Europe, matches with other surnames are very common. These matches are due to the large population of this Haplogroup that existed when surnames were adopted. Many different surnames were adopted, and convergence has occurred over time.

If we go back far enough in time, we are all related. The surname is used to establish a boundary for determining whether two people are related. If you match some one with a different surname, you are most likely related prior to the adoption of surnames.

In some cases, you could be related after the adoption of surnames, due to one of the following events occurring:

1. informal adoption, such as a widow remarries, and the children take the new surname
2. infidelity
3. illegitimate male child who takes the mother's surname
4. adoption of a new surname, such as by preference or for inheritance
5. a pregnant woman marries a man with a different surname than the child she is carrying

Even though these events have occurred in the past, they were not the norm.

Pursuing a match with another surname should not be considered until both participants upgrade to 67 Markers to determine if the match still holds.

At this point, if the match still holds at 67 markers, a decision can be made as to whether to pursue the match with another surname. To avoid wasting time, there should be some evidence that one of the events above occurred. In making this decision, the place to start is to evaluate the evidence. Were the ancestors in the same location, at the same time? Was there a marriage by a widow who had children? Is there a use of alias in any records? Is there any evidence to support a match with another surname?

In most cases, there isn't any evidence to support pursuing the match.

A Surname Project is a very valuable tool for family history research. The surname establishes the time period for determining if two people are related. Surname Projects can provide tremendous benefit for those who are researching their family history. DNA testing has a wide range of applications, from additional information to use in conjunction with the paper records for interpretation, to clues to find the ancestral homeland.

In addition, as a long term goal, a Surname Project can determine the number of points of origin of the surname. The Surname Project would combine DNA results with the techniques used to research surnames, and identify the ancestral location(s) or area(s) where the surname was adopted.

As you research your family tree, eventually you have to stop, because the written records end, or are sporadic. This could be the result of the destruction of records, such as due to a court house fire. Or, this could be the result of reaching the time period prior to consistent written records. For example, the time period before the adoption of Parish registers. Often your family tree will stop before you reach the start of Parish registers, because there is insufficient documentation to make a connection.

When your family tree ends, often there is still a long period of time between then and the adoption of surnames. For example, if your tree ends in the late 1700's due to insufficient documentation, there is still 400 to 500 years between then and the adoption of surnames, depending on your ancestral country.

DNA testing can fill this 500 year gap. Imagine a situation years from now, where every family tree with your surname has tested. The data would then be available to determine whether your surname had a single or multiple points of origin. Combining this information with surname mapping, frequency distribution studies, and research in Medieval records would most likely enable the Surname Project to identify a geographic area as the ancestral homeland.

Our surname is a very important part of us, and DNA testing tells us about this surname. For example, did one man take on the surname, and all the descendents today are related, except for a few trees which are descendents of an informal adoption, and descendents of an illegitimate birth?

With DNA testing, we might also discover previously unknown variants. This could be very helpful for research, especially when records can't be found, and later it is discovered that the records are actually there, but recorded with a previously unknown variant.

Surname dictionaries have been published and identify the origin for many surnames. The authors of these books used the tools available at the time. Never before have these experts or authors had the powerful tool of DNA testing available. There are many discoveries to be made with DNA testing. Most likely, DNA testing will prove that some long held beliefs about the origins of various surnames are incorrect.

By participating in a Y DNA Project, or sponsoring a participant if you are female, you are making a significant contribution to the knowledge about your surname. Even when your tree ends, you can still discover information about your origin.

From:

Facts & Genes

http://www.familytreeDNA.com/facts_genes.aspx

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