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Updated: 16 Nov 2008

## Indicates recent change/addition 

 

* There is value in having the DNA participants of all Lineages test to 67 markers.  We have found distinguishing family branching markers at the 37-67 marker level.  The variability of DYS534 has proven quite useful. 

 

Lineage I - R1b1b2a1a - U106

 

## It's now more likely that D-29 & D-74 share a recent common ancestor with shared mutations of 13 @ 439 & 32 @ 449 since all 37-67 markers match exactly.  D-29's shared mutation of 16 at 385b & 464c with D-22 & D-35 appear to be random.  This is different from the earlier analysis below.  D-59's shared mutation of 13 @ 439 with D-29 & D-74 appears to be random. 

 

1. D-16, D-22, D-35, and D-29 share a common mutation of 16 at 385b.  This may be an indication of a shared common ancestor or it may be a random match.  (This is the only marker mutation shared by all 4 men.)  

  1. If shared, D-16 was on the same branch with D-35, D-22, & D-29 and the 16 at 385b occurred before the split – and the g’s on 464x occurred after the split. 
  2. D-29 should definitely get 464x tested as it will put him with D-16 or with D-22 & D-35. 
  3. However in light of Panel 5 testing, D-16 & D-22 are different on all 3 results at 399X and it seems unlikely that D-16 shares the branch with D-35, D-22, & D-29 and it’s suspect that the shared 16 at 385b is a random match.
  4. D-35 & D-22 share 16 at 534, confirming their more recent Matheson ancestor.

2. D-1 & D-19 share 4 mutations that the other members of Lineage 1 do not have.  It seems certain that these two men share a common ancestor with each other before they share a common ancestor with the rest of Lineage 1.

3. D-4, D-5, D-12, D-30, D-47, & D-65 all have a paper trailed descent from a shared common 17th century ancestor.  D-12’s 16 at 456 is consistent with the internal branching of this ancestor as does 16 @ DYS534 show the internal branching between D-4, D-5, D-30. & D-47.    D-23, D-26, D-44, & D-69’s results match closely with these men and are consistent with a relationship which, because of the known paper trails, must have branched off prior to c1650.  D-64 shares 2 common mutations with D-4 and it seems certain that these two men share a more recent common ancestor. 

4. D-25, D-37, & D-38 share a 15 at marker 464c consistent with them having a common surname and a more recent shared ancestor.  D-2 shares this same mutation at 464c and this may indicate a possible relationship between these participants which in depth genealogical research may elucidate.  10 @ DYS 572 has shown a closer relationship between D-25 & D-37.  D-38 needs to upgrade his markers to clarify his relationship with D-25 & D-37. 

5. D-27, D-28, D-33, & D-41: Within a Lineage, if a mutation has no match – it is simply a mutation (for now) and cannot be analyzed.  However, here are some general observations:

  • D-27 markers are most unlike the other members of Lineage 1 and seems to indicate a much earlier branching from the main Lineage 1 stem.  D-27’s partial matches to D-19 appear to be random. 
  • D-28’s markers seem to confirm the descent of the family from the early Dunbars as indicated by historical research.  Further testing of others should confirm this result. 
  • D-33 has experienced a RecLOH event at all his mutated markers and should be looked upon as only one marker mutation in total.
  • D-81 has experienced a RecLOH event at marker DYS 459b. 

6.   D-70, D-71, D-76, & D-81 share 4-5 mutations among themselves.  It seems certain that these 4 men share a common ancestor with each other before they share a common ancestor D-75 and with the rest of Lineage 1.  There is value in D-70 upgrading to 67 markers.   

7.  D-48 & D-49 (father & son)  The son has started a new mutation at DYS 390. 

7. D-59 & D-73 share two mutations and seems certain that these two men share a common ancestor with each other before they share a common ancestor with the rest of Lineage 1.

8. Panel 5 Results:

  1. Marker 399x looks to be very volatile.  Seven total mutations with just this one marker.  Four diverse Lineage 1 men were chosen initially which may account for the volatility.  More stability was shown within the shared common ancestor of D-4, D-5, & D-12 but the results were still erratic.
  2. D-22 still remained with all “g’s” at marker 464X versus the combination 2 c’s & 2 g’s seen with D-16, D-1, & D-4.
  3. The remainder of Panel 5 appears more stable, but still showed signs of rapid change versus other men tested outside the Dunbar project.  There is value in additional Lineage 1 testing with Panel 5. 

9.  Always, there is value in having all members of Lineage I tested at 67 markers.

 

 

 

 

Lineage 2: R1b1b2e - M222

 

  • Group 2 results are consistent across the group and seem to indicate a close relationship of all group members.
  • D-7, D-15, and D-68 share a common paper trailed ancestor around 1770 in Pennsylvania. D-7's 17 @ 464c is indicative of internal branching of this ancestor, as is D-68’s 37 @ CDYb
  • D-6 and D-39 share a common ancestor somewhat earlier also in Pennsylvania. D-39's additional mutations are indicative of further internal branching.
  • D-13’s shared mutation of 11 at DYS460 with D-6 appears to be random.
  • D-11 markers are most unlike the other members of Lineage 2 and could indicate a much earlier branching from the main stem. 
  • It is noteworthy that, where known, the European point of origin of the earliest known ancestor is in Northern Ireland.
  • R1b1b2e is the new haplogroup designation for all Lineage 2 participants.  This designation is indicative of origins to Northwest Ireland and Lowland Scotland.  There are exemplars in other parts of Ireland and Scotland as well as in Norway, Iceland, and on the European Continent.

 

Lineage 3 - R1b1b2a1b4 - SRY2627

 

  • Shows a consistent result which confirms the paper trailed relationship of D-3, D-34 and D-42 to a common ancestor about 1750.   D-34 & D-42 reflect the internal branching from D-3.  As does D-34 from D-42 reflect a branching from their shared ancestor. 
  • D-14 is most unlike the other members of Lineage 3 and could indicate a much earlier branching from the main Lineage 3 stem.  He has an Ulster point of origin for his earliest known ancestor. Traditional genealogy proves that the branching between his line and the rest of the group probably occurred prior to about 1660, but where this branching occurred is not known.
  • D-63 shares a common mutation 30 at DYS 449 with D-34.  This may indicate a possible relationship between these participants which in depth genealogical research may elucidate.   

 

Lineage 4 - R1b1b2e - M222

 

  • A RecLOH event has been discovered for both D- 9 & D-62 at Marker 385b which reduces somewhat the apparent GD for this member.
  • Paper trails show these two are cousins who share a common ancestor.  D-62 has a mutation at DYS 464a which shows the internal branching within the family line. 

 

 

 

 

Unassigned Haplogroups E, I, J, Q, & R1b1

 

  • Further patience will be necessary for members of the "Unassigned" Haplogroups until matches are found and can be analyzed.
  • D-17 needs to upgrade to minimum 37 markers to verify a possible relationship with either D-40 or D-66.  If confirmed, a new Lineage can be formed.
  • D-31 needs to upgrade to minimum 37 markers to verify relationship with Lineage 2.
  • D-32 markers exhibit the so-called "Niall of the Nine Hostages” haplotype quite common in Northwest Ireland.
  • D-55 needs to upgrade to minimum 37 markers to verify a possible relationship with Lineage 2 or 3. 
  • ALL should be SNP tested to define and clarify their Haplogroup designations.  Log on to your FTDNA Personal Account page, click the Haplogroup link, paragraph titled Haplogroup test is a link “Order”. 

 

What are Haplogroups?
“Haplogroups are genetic population groups that identify where in the Y-DNA or mtDNA tree of humanity you fit in. Haplogroups are what allow us to identify how large groups of people migrated from Africa around 60,000 years ago to different parts of the world.  All members of a haplogroup descend from a common distant ancestor.”  FTDNA

 

Haplogroups represented in the Dunbar DNA Project to date with descriptions by FTDNA:

 

E1b1b1  (E-M35) probably all first appeared in East Africa between 20,000 and 47,500 years ago. There are different techniques available for such estimates, and a considerable range of possibilities, but the most recent estimates of are around 24,000 years ago

 

I1  The I1 lineage likely has its roots in northern France. Today it is found most frequently within Viking / Scandinavian populations in northwest Europe and has since spread down into Central and Eastern Europe, where it is found at low frequencies.

 

I2a  The Balkan countries likely harbored this subgroup of I during the Last Glacial Maximum. Today, this branch is found distributed in the Balkans and Eastern Europe, and extends further east with Slavic-speaking populations.

 

I2b1  The I2b lineage likely has its roots in northern France. Today it is found most frequently within Viking / Scandinavian populations in Northwest Europe and extends at low frequencies into Central and Eastern Europe.

 

J2  This lineage originated in the northern portion of the Fertile Crescent where it later spread throughout central Asia, the Mediterranean, and south into India. As with other populations with Mediterranean ancestry this lineage is found within Jewish populations.

 

Q  The Q lineage links Asia and the Americas. This lineage is found in North and Central Asian populations as well as Native Americans. Among European populations, haplogroup Q is found most frequently in Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. This lineage is believed to have originated in Central Asia and migrated through the Altai / Baikal region of northern Eurasia into the Americas.

 

 

R1b1  Haplogroup R1b is the most common haplogroup in European populations. It is believed to have expanded throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years ago.

 

R1b1b2e  Haplogroup R1b is the most common haplogroup in European populations. It is believed to have expanded throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years ago. Its branch R1b1b2e is primarily found in Northern Ireland, and contains the Niall Modal Haplotype.

 

R1b1b2g  Haplogroup R1b is the most common haplogroup in European populations. It is believed to have expanded throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years ago. Its branch R1b1b2g is primarily is called Frisian and found in Norway/Holland/Netherlands/Central Germany.

 

Information about mtDNA and the different Haplogroups represented on the Results page. 

 

 

   

Specific mitochondrial haplogroups are typically found in different regions of the world, and this is due to unique population histories. In the process of spreading around the world, many populations—with their special mitochondrial haplogroups—became isolated, and specific haplogroups concentrated in geographic regions. Today, we have identified certain haplogroups that originated in Africa, Europe, Asia, the islands of the Pacific, the Americas, and even particular ethnic groups. Of course, haplogroups that are specific to one region are sometimes found in another, but this is due to recent migration.
 
C  Haplogroup C is found in eastern Eurasia and throughout the Americas. This haplogroup was present in the populations that initially colonized the pre-Columbian Americas, and dates to at least 40,000 years ago. Future work will resolve the issue of how many distinct colonization events there were in the original peopling of the Americas, and the role of individuals bearing haplogroup C.
 
H  Mitochondrial haplogroup H is a predominantly European haplogroup that originated outside of Europe before the last glacial maximum (LGM). It first expanded in the northern Near East and southern Caucasus between 33,000 and 26,000 years ago, and later migrations from Iberia suggest it reached Europe before the LGM. It has also spread to Siberia and Inner Asia. Today, about 40% of all mitochondrial lineages in Europe are classified as haplogroup H. 
 
HV  Mitochondrial haplogroup HV is a primarily European haplogroup that underwent an expansion beginning approximately 20,000 years ago. It is more prevalent in Western Europe than in Eastern Europe, and descendant lineages of the original haplogroup HV appear in the Near East as a result of more recent migration. One of the dominant mitochondrial haplogroups in Europe, haplogroup HV pre-dates the occurrence of farming in Europe. Future work will better resolve the distribution and historical characteristics of this haplogroup.
 
J*  The mitochondrial haplogroup J contains several sub-lineages. The original haplogroup J originated in the Near East approximately 50,000 years ago. Within Europe, sub-lineages of haplogroup J have distinct and interesting distributions. Haplogroup J*—the root lineage of haplogroup J—is found distributed throughout Europe, but at a relatively low frequency. Haplogroup J is generally considered one of the prominent lineages that was part of the Neolithic spread of agriculture into Europe from the Near East beginning approximately 10,000 years ago.
 
U2  The mitochondrial super-haplogroup U encompasses haplogroups U1-U7 and haplogroup K. Haplogroup U2 is found distributed in the Near East and Europe, though it is maintained a rather low frequency throughout. This sparse, yet widespread, dissemination, when combined with the presence of an allied haplogroup found in India, suggests that haplogroup U2 is very old, and was likely an early lineage of the super-haplogroup U, which arose greater than 50,000 years ago.
 

U5  The mitochondrial super-haplogroup U encompasses haplogroups U1-U7 and haplogroup K. Haplogroup U, with its own multiple lineages nested within, is the oldest European-specific haplogroup, and its origin dates to approximately 50,000 years ago. Most likely arising in the Near East, and spreading into Europe in a very early expansion, the presence of haplogroup U5 in Europe pre-dates the expansion of agriculture in Europe. Interestingly, individuals with haplogroup U5 may have been come in contact with Neanderthals living in Europe at the time.

 

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