Is R1a European? Last news from Klyosov

[Maliclavelli]

Rozhanskii, I.L. and Klyosov, A.A. (2012). Haplogroup R1a, Its Subclades and Branches in Europe During the Last 9,000 Years. Advances in Anthropology, 3, 139-156.doi: 10.4236/aa.2012.23017.

ABSTRACT

This study identifies and describes 38 branches of the haplogroup R1a STR haplotypes which currently exist in Europe or which migrated from Europe to areas in the east, south, and southeast between 6000 and 4500 years before the present (ybp). The study is based on 2471 haplotypes which have been tested for either 67- or 111-markers; it essentially creates a unified robust system, which assembles dozens of R1a-SNPs and thousands of STRs and assigned haplotypes to branches, some of which do not have SNP assignments as yet. The assembled system consists of base (deduced ancestral) haplotypes, one for each STR branch and for each SNP-assigned subclade, each with its characteristic (ancestral) set of alleles, arranged in the chronological space from ~ 9000 ybp to 1300 ybp. We found that the most ancient R1a subclades (R1a1-M198- and R1a1a-M198+/M417-) bearers of which currently live in Europe (the present day haplotypes are scattered between England and the Balkans) appeared in Europe at least 7300 ybp, and possibly 9000 ybp. R1a’s three principal downstream subclades, L664 (North-Western branch), Z93 (South-Eastern branch), and Z283 (Eurasian branch), split from their common European ancestor at about the same time, around 7000 - 6000 ybp. L664 apparently stayed in North-Western Europe; its lineage recovered and began expanding ~ 4575 ybp. The Z93 subclade began to expand during the Aryan migrations, on the Aryan's journey to India and the Middle East in the 3rd-2nd millennia BC. The Z283 subclade split ~ 5500 ybp into three branches. One of them, Z280 (the Central Eurasian branch) moved east to the Russian Plain in 4800 - 4600 ybp, and formed at least 16 sub-branches there and in the course of the later westward repopulation of Europe in the 1st millennium BC – 1st millennium CE. Some of the older branches, like the Russian Plain branch, largely stayed in the present Russia-Ukraine-Belarus-Poland- Baltic countries region, and were described by early historians as the Scythians, Antes, Veneti, and a multitude of different proto-Slavic tribes (though many of them belonged to haplogroups other than R1a, primarily I1 and I2). Those R1a branches which are “older” than 3000 years, such as the Russian Plain branch (4600 ybp), the Western Eurasian (4300 ybp), and the Balto-Carpathian (4300 ybp), did not move en mass to Europe but stayed behind at the Russian Plain. In the middle of 1st millennium CE, the time of the collapse of the Roman Empire , multiple migrations of R1a were taking place eastward and westward; these migrations gradually formed the current landscape of R1a in Europe . All 38 branches and their datings are listed in the Appendix of this paper; current distribution maps are shown in the body of the paper.


http://www.scirp.org/journal/aa/

[Maliclavelli]

Of course everyone of you may judge these statements:

"It follows from the data presented in this study, that all three principal downstream R1a subclades, L664, Z283 and Z93, split from their common European ancestor at about the same time, around 7000 - 6000 ybp, and that all three went through a population bottleneck, and then expanded 1000 - 1500 years later. L664 apparently stayed in North-Western Europe; its lineage recovered and began expanding ~4575 ybp.
The Z280 subclade (descendants of Z283) moved east to the Russian Plain ~4800 - 4600 ybp when the Arbins, bearers of haplogroup R1b, were arriving in Europe from different directions—from North Africa to the Pyrenees (4800 ybp); then—as the Bell Beakers—to the continent; and finally from Asia Minor and the Middle East to the Apennines and the Balkans (4800 - 4500 ybp) [...]
The Z93 subclade began to expand during the Aryan migrations, on their way to India and the Middle East in the 3rd-2nd millennia BC. The eastward migration of the Aryans continued to the east (the Ural Mountains and beyond, to the Altay), south east (Iran and Hindustan), south (Anatolia, Mitanni and further south to the Middle East) between 4500 and 3500 ybp. The Jewish R1a common ancestor lived 4525 ± 400 ybp; his descendants also almost vanished, but their long population bottleneck ended around the 8th century CE, in the Diaspora, apparently in Germany (page 152)".

[rms2]

What strikes me as particularly interesting is that, as far as I can tell, "Arbins" is a name without any historical basis and simply invented by Dr. Klyosov.

[Maliclavelli]

Nomina sint consequentia rerum haud nihili.

[Mkk]

What strikes me as particularly interesting is that, as far as I can tell, "Arbins" is a name without any historical basis and simply invented by Dr. Klyosov.

Indeed he did invent it. It's his counterpoint to Aryans. He uses it to describe the R1b-carrying peoples (who he thinks were non-Indo European).

The paper can also be assessed in the new edition of his journal.

http://aklyosov.home.comcast.net/~aklyosov/5_9_2012.pdf